Jammu and Kashmir National Conference (JKNC)

                               ( JKNC )

  

• In October 1932, Sheikh Abdullah along with Mirwaiz Yusuf Shah and Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas founded the All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference. 
• On June 11, 1939, it was renamed the All Jammu and Kashmir National Conference. This prompted a section of the leadership to break away with links to the All India Muslim League and re-establish the Muslim Conference. 
• The National Conference was affiliated to the All India States People's Conference. Sheikh Abdullah was elected its president in 1947.
•  In 1946, the National Conference launched a fierce protest against the state government. It was directed against Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir.  slogan of this organisation was "Quit Kashmir".

• In the September 1951 elections, the National Conference won all 75 seats in the Constituent Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir. 
• Sheikh Abdullah remained the Prime Minister until he was sacked in August 1953 on grounds of conspiracy against the Indian state. 
• Bakshi Ghulam Muhammad became the prime minister of the state, and Sheikh Abdullah was arrested on 9 August 1953 In 1965, the National Conference amalgamated with the Indian National Congress  and became the Jammu and Kashmir offshoot of the Indian National Congress.
•  Sheikh Abdullah was arrested again from 1965 to 1968 on charges of conspiracy against the state. Sheikh Abdullah's breakaway referendum Forepart block later annexed the name of the original party when Abdullah was allowed to return to power in February 1975 after making a deal with the central government In 1977, the National Conference under his leadership won the state assembly elections and Sheikh Abdullah became the Chief Minister. 
• His son Farooq Abdullah succeeded him as Chief Minister on his death on 8 September 1982. In the June 1983 elections, the JKNC again won a comfortable majority under the leadership of Farooq Abdullah
• In July 1984, Farooq's brother-in-law Ghulam Muhammad Shah split the party. Acting on the order of the Central Government, the Governor dismissed Farooq from the post of Chief Minister and appointed Ghulam Mohammad Shah as the Chief Minister in his place.
•  In March 1986, his government was dismissed and President's rule was imposed. In the disputed 1987 state assembly elections, the JKNC formed an alliance with the INC, and was declared a majority.
• Farooq Abdullah became the Chief Minister again and under Abdullah's supervision, a rebellion against the state government and India broke out. 
• Abdullah was sacked again by the central government in 1990 and President's rule was imposed in the state. In 1991, state elections were canceled due to popular uprisings.

• The National Conferences in Jammu and Kashmir have played an important role in shaping the political scenery of the region, advocating for the rights of its people and solving complex issues that have defined the region for decades. 
• These conferences have been instrumental in promoting dialogue, promoting inclusion and striving for peace and development in Jammu and Kashmir.
• This organization  evolved as a  National Conference when it's delegates were not satisfied with its name which has earlier it given, which became later a prominent political party in the region.
•  The National Conference has been at the forefront of advocating for the rights of the people of valley, particularly in the context of autonomy, self-determination, and resolution of the long-standing Kashmir conflict.
• National Conferences in J and K  have been instrumental in addressing a wide range of issues including governance, human rights, economic development, and political representation and other rights which was very concerned at that time .
•  These conferences have provided a platform for dialogue between various shareholders including political leaders, civil society organizations and community individuals.
•  By facilitating dialogue and negotiation, national conferences aim to bridge divisions, build consensus and promote peace and stability in the region.
• In recent years, the political scenery of Jammu and Kashmir has undergone significant changes, with the abrogation of Article 370 in 5th August 2019 and split jammu and kashmir into o into two Union Territories, jammu and kashmir merge in one block and ladakh was seperated from long lasting organised State. 
• These developments have given rise to debates about the role of national conferences in shaping the future and destiny of Jammu and Kashmir.
•  Despite these challenges, national conferences remain an important forum for advocating the rights of the people of Jammu and Kashmir and working for a peaceful and prosperous future for the region.

• Finally, the foundation of national conferences in Jammu and Kashmir is marked by a rich history of advocacy, dialogue and engagement with the complex issues facing the region. 
• These conferences have played an important role in advancing the interests of the people of Jammu and Kashmir, promoting inclusion and striving for peace and development. As the region is going through a period of transition and change, the National Conferences will help shape the future direction of Jammu and Kashmir and its people.